The Bill of Rights - Text, Origins, and Meaning

The Bill of Rights - Text, Origins, and Meaning The year was 1789. The U.S. Constitution, which had recently passed Congress and been ratified by a majority of states, established the U.S. government as it exists today. But a number of thinkers of the time, including  Thomas Jefferson, were concerned that the Constitution included few explicit guarantees of personal liberty of the sort that had appeared in state constitutions. Jefferson, who was living abroad in Paris at the time as U.S. ambassador to France, wrote to his protege  James Madison  asking him to propose a Bill of Rights of some kind to Congress. Madison agreed. After revising Madisons draft, Congress approved a Bill of Rights and ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution became law. The Bill of Rights was primarily a symbolic document until  the U.S. Supreme Court  established its power to strike down unconstitutional legislation in  Marbury v. Madison  (1803), giving it teeth. It still only applied to federal legislation, however, until  the Fourteenth Amendment  (1866) extended its power to include state law. Its impossible to understand  civil liberties  in the United States without understanding the Bill of Rights. Its text limits both federal and state powers, protecting individual rights from government oppression through the intervention of federal courts. The Bill of Rights is made up of ten separate amendments, dealing with issues ranging from free speech and unjust searches to religious liberty and cruel and unusual punishment. Text of the Bill of Rights The First AmendmentCongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The Second AmendmentA well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. The Third AmendmentNo soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. The Fourth AmendmentThe right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The Fifth AmendmentNo person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. The Sixth AmendmentIn all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. The Seventh AmendmentIn suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. The Eighth AmendmentExcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The Ninth AmendmentThe enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. The Tenth AmendmentThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

Data Collection and analysis of data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Data Collection and analysis of data - Essay Example by Canbaz et al (2002) the risk of having chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, coronary heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and osteoporosis rises at the proportion of elderly people increases. It is also stated that chronic disease cause medical, social and psychological problems which limit the activities of elderly people in the community and decrease their quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that leads to elevated blood glucose and glycosuria which can be result in significant problems among older people who are often predisposed to skin trauma and malnourished (Dunning, 2005). According to Kennie (1993) diabetes mellitus is an extremely common condition in elderly people and it is estimated that the disease is prevalent among 18.7 percent of women between the ages of 65 to 74 years to 29.9 percent 65 to 85 years. It is further stated that over 98 percent of diabetes in the age group is of the Type II or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NID DM) variety. The medical fraternity has progressed over the preventive care provided to the elderly people with regard to diabetes mellitus; technology being used to screen the diabetes patient, there is conflicting evidence on the efficacy of treatment in reducing the progression is lacking for an elderly population. The preventive cares for the diabetes include strenuous sessions of medication which may reduce the incidence of microvascular complications, which is very rare among the elderly people. The preventive treatment includes insulin injections, change in life style, dietary habits, undesired levels of monitoring or supervision to ensure safe compliance and an increased risk of hypoglycaemia and other drug side effects. Apart from this the patient has to prevent himself from getting any injury as it may lead to further added complications to the treatment. In this age of development and globalization, when nations come together to discuss the implications of new diseases

Should English be the Global Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should English be the Global Language - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that language plays a key role in effective communication. Language is the key component, which makes messages understandable for the people involved in the process of communication. Here, a point that must be considered is that for communication, such language should be selected which should be easily understood by all people. For example, if there is more than one person from different cultures and societies participating in the process of communication, they must talk in a language with which all people should be familiar because communication can be productive or result-oriented only if all people understand the messages easily. Use of a global language plays a very important role in such cases. A global language is one, which is easily understood by every person regardless of his/her cultural or social background. If we study different languages that are spoken in different parts of the world, we come to know that English is the language, which h as the largest spoken rate. â€Å"English is a global language that allows many diverse peoples around the world to communicate when they don't speak, read, write, or understand one another's language†. All other international languages, such as French, German, Spanish, or Chinese language has less spoken rate than English has. People from different cultures not only understand English but also they can speak good English. The reason is that English is a well-known language, which is used in medical, business, and scientific communication all over the world. Most of the well-known scholars and researchers prefer to do their scientific and medical researches in English language because of its high understandability and spoken rate. In case of negotiations between the parties from different countries, English is used as the communication language in most cases. The reason is that English has already become a common language for the people who do not understand each otherâ€℠¢s language. English language has an attraction in itself, which no other language has. It has become a leader of languages because people from different countries feel pride in speaking English language. Researches show hat English language is the most learned language in the whole world. The graph of English language being taught and learned in any specific country is higher than the graph of any other language. The reason is that English has become the key to professional and educational success of a person. People like to study in those universities, which provide highest quality education to the students. Today, the United States of America and the United Kingdom are viewed as the leaders in providing excellent education to the students related to any specific field of life. Students like to study in such universities in order to get highly valued degrees, which can earn professional success for them in future. Here, the point is that in all those universities, the academic lan guage is English. Students from other countries need to learn English in order study in those universities properly. Moreover, when they graduate from those universities, they are able to get good jobs in the multinational companies because they get the command over the language that is used extensively in multinational languages. In some countries, English is being used as the academic language even though the regional and national languages are different in those countries. It is because the ministries of education of such countries believe in the importance of the English language for the academic and professional success of students. Therefore, we can say that English should be the Global language because it brings

John Galliano Fashion Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Galliano Fashion Marketing - Research Paper Example The essay "John Galliano Fashion Marketing" concerns the fashion marketing and John Galliano. An enormous society stun anticipated Galliano, as he was uprooted from his more vibrant previous surroundings. His family prided itself gigantically on appearance and each time he went out as a tyke, Galliano was a perfect turn out. The gauges of dressing emerge when he contrasted himself and his even more careless English classmates, made him emerge and taught him significant principles of dress, which he might oblige sometime down the road. Notwithstanding, he was not viewed as a remarkable person. It was not until Galliano arrived at outline school and was around individuals more like him that he started to thrive. When Galliano had moved from City and East London College, he enlisted at Central Saint Martin's, where he made an amazing effect. His graduation accumulation, titled 'Les Incroyables,' made splendid by his sentimental pizzazz and ingenuity, gained tremendous approbation. In fa ct, his entire line was speedily gobbled up into the window of Browns boutique. Galliano left Central Saint Martin's in 1983 with a top of the line degree and a solid stockpile of discriminating the approval. In 1984, more approbation that is basic took after. His brave reinvention of sentimental subjects and sensitive, eminently custom-made articles of clothing were his trademarks. In 1987, he accepted the 'British Designer of the Year' honor. Notwithstanding, discriminating performance was not matched.

Future of Management Essay -- essays research papers

With our economy continuing to sputter, an increasing number of companies both public and private are looking to defend themselves by hiring management executives that have seen hard times before. This new trend may be on to something.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, Sam Brothwell, an analyst with Merrill Lynch, spoke to a group of companies and stated that one of the things that he found with most companies is that there is a little bit more gray hair, which he found comforting in today’s business place. Due to the unstable market companies are now looking at the more experienced manager when it comes to recruiting top-level management officials.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has not always been this way, however. Commercials portray Chief Executive Officers as twenty-something hipsters with rose-colored glasses, instead of the sixty-somethings in charcoal suits and gray hair. Take for instance Silicon Valley and its management staffs, quite a few companies were soaked with young people who swore to the company that they had a finger on the pulse of technology. These young people also were quite positive that they could make their company millions. Did it happen? In some cases yes, but in most no.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lot of companies fail because they do not have long-term business plans, and that comes with experience. Experienced management is also seen as a lure for venture capitalist looking to invest in a company. The experience that people bri...

Sleep Journal

Jennifer Nguyen Professor Perry Daughtry Intro to Psychology 09-28-2012 Sleep Journal Essay College students like myself often put off sleep for other activities like studying, doing homework or even just staying up all night with a friend. Our body follows the twenty-four hour cycle of each day and night through a biological clock called the Circadian rhythm. On the weekdays, staying up all night and skipping meals makes it difficult to focus in class. After lunchtime, I become sleepy and have difficulty focusing on my other classes.In the afternoon, this affects my body because it does not give me energy, but instead it makes me crash earlier in the day. David Myers, the author of Exploring Psychology the eighth edition, says, â€Å"Everyone needs to get eight hours of sleep† (Myers, 75). This quote I think is so underrated, because some people in our world today only get six to nine hours of sleep, on a daily basis. If you think about it, going to sleep is not that easy. Th ere are five unique stages to sleeping. In stage one, this cycle is considered to be between being awake and slightly dozing off.When you are in this cycle, you wake up, but you do not feel like you fell asleep. The brain produces theta waves, which makes the brain waves decrease when you go into other sleep stages. In stage two, the brain begins to relax more. The sleep spindles, which are rapid, rhythmic brain waves, are present in this cycle. Your body temperature starts to decrease and your heart rate starts to slow down. In stage three, this cycle is forwarded to deep sleep. In stage four, you are in a deep sleep, but not enough to dream.Also in this cycle, â€Å"some children might wet the bed or even sleep walk† according to David Myers. In stage five, also known as the rapid eye movement (REM), the heart rate increases and eyes begin to move under the eyelids. Most dreams occur here because the brain activity was increased. The importance of sleep is a big deal, that if you did not sleep, you would die from sleep deprivation. You need sleep so that your body can restore all its needs for the next day. Not enough sleep can produce a lot of problems like car accidents, memory problems, and sleep disorders.Two most known sleep disorders are insomnia and sleep apnea. Insomnia is a sleep disorder where you cannot fall asleep. Insomnia can happen to anyone and can be either a short term or a long-term process. Another sleep disorder is called sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is caused by irregular pauses in breathing, during sleeping. Both of these disorders, if not treated, can cause heart problems and even death in most cases. There are many reasons why we dream at night. An Austrian Neurologist named Sigmund Freud considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflicts.Some researchers believe that the dreams can help sort experiences on a daily basis, while other researchers believe that dreams may also serve a physiological function. Other theorie s suggest that dreams flow from neural activity moving upward to the brainstem. The first three nights of sleeping in my sleeping journal, my dreams were nightmares. The first night I had a dream that my grandmother passed away and nobody was there to help me through the tragedy. From the feelings of abandonment, I just went psycho. Unfortunately almost two years ago, my grandmother in fact passed away.It is unclear to me why I dreamt of this memory. My second dream was that my psychology class had visited a local jail and our teacher created an experiment where every other student was a prisoner, and everybody else was a guard. I was one of the prisoners and the guards tortured me to a point where I could no longer think. My psychology professor Mr. Daughtry, told our class about this experiment on actual prisoners, which influenced to dream of this particular subject. My third dream was that I had rented a cabin with my friend.The owner was a psycho killer with the intention of ki lling us. We made it out alive. These dreams caused me to wake up with sweat all over my body and my head would spin a little bit. The next four nights of sleeping were fairly decent. The dreams consisted of dreaming about being in a fairytale and going back to high school because in that dream it was mandatory to go back to the high school. The last seven nights of my sleeping journal, I only had one nightmare, because I went camping with my church group and we were in the woods and we had told scary stories.My sleep patterns on the weekend are very different to my sleep patterns on the weekday because I usually go to bed really late and not wake up until late in the afternoon. During this journal, it was hard for me to get used to waking up on specific times, since I would stay up late to do homework or study for a test coming up. This is one of the reasons why my sleeping habits have not been normal. I have learned that my sleeping habits do have an affect on my daily life. I sho uld try and get enough sleep, so that my body can actually rest and not be so stressed out.I wish that I would not skip dinner for homework, because when I do wake up, my stomach hurts a lot from not eating. This problem also makes me crash during the day since I do not have enough time to eat, and so my production level decreases. Sleep Journal Entries Jennifer Nguyen Mr. Daughtry Intro to Psychology 09-09-2012 Day 1: I went to sleep at 1:00 am and woke up at 6:11 am. The dream was that my grandmother passed away and that I had nobody to confide in. It got to a point where I just went psycho and was led to a mental house. 09-10-2012 Day 2: I went to sleep at 12:00 am and woke up at 7:30 am.The dream was that my psychology class went to visit the local jail. My psychology teacher decided to do this experiment, where every other student was a prisoner and the rest were guards. I was unfortunately a prisoner, and the guards tortured me so bad that it broke my spirit. 09-11-2012 Day 3: I went to sleep at 10:00 pm and woke up at 7:00 am. My dream was that I went to go on a vacation on a remote island. I went with a friend and the person who owned the cabin was a strange man. We discovered that the strange man was a killer and he went after us. We called for help and we never saw that guy ever again. 9-12-2012 Day 4: I went to bed at 3:14 am and woke up ate 8:00 am. I could not remember this dream. 09-13-2012 Day 5: I went to bed at 1:20 am and woke up 6:52 am. I could not fall asleep. After twenty minutes had gone by, I dreamt that I was with my boyfriend and we had gotten into this big argument and he dumped me. The next day, he decided to show up to my house with a girl, and I cried. He said that he was just joking and that it was his friend. He wanted to g back out with me and we did. 09-16-2012 Day 6: I went to bed at 9:00 pm and woke up at 6:00 am. My dream was that I was getting married to a famous prince.Before this all happened, he proposed to me and he ha d this big secret. He did not tell that he was a prince and I inherited everything. This dream was a total fairytale! 09-17-2012 Day 7: I went to bed at 12:12 am and woke up at 6:32 am. My dream was that I was back in high school and that I had to go back to my high school because it was mandatory for all 2012 graduates. 09-18-2012 Day 8: I went to bed at 9:20 pm and woke up at 5:52 am. My dream was that I was in a theatre play and I was the main lead. I did so well that I was booked in Hollywood as a professional.I was basically a celebrity. 09-19-2012 Day 9: I went to bed at 1:18 am and woke up at 6:30 am. My dream was that I went to school and our school had won this lottery where we got to see Kate Middleton in person. She was really nice and sweet. 09-20-2012 Day 10: I went to bed at 11:20 pm and woke up at 6:25 am. My dream was that I had grown up and that I had my life all settled. I was a nurse and that I lived comfortably in a house with my husband and two kids. 09-21-12 Da y 11: I went to bed at 3:00 am and woke up at 8:00 am. My dream was that I was at camp and I happened to be all alone.Then all of a sudden, the killer came out and tried to kill me, but I managed to get to safety. 09-22-12 Day 12: I went to bed at 1:00 am and woke up at 7:45 am. I could not remember this dream. 09-23-2012 Day 13: I went to bed at 9:00 pm and woke up at 6:31 am. I could not remember this dream. 09-24-2012 Day 14: I went to bed at 9:00 pm and woke up at 6:15 am. My dream was that I was in a relationship with Ian Heccox and we have been dating for a long time. He got down on one knee after we have a very romantic boat ride in Paris. Of course I said yes. We got married in Paris and it was very magical.

Should Teachers Teach More From Peer Coaches Than...

I believe the author makes a valid argument when he makes the claim that teachers can learn more from peer coaches than administrative evaluators. In the last year my principal observed my teaching twice. A couple of other administrators came into my room, but most left without giving me any feedback. In order for teachers to grow, they must be giving information that will take their teaching to the next level. On my campus, I think that the administrators do not value the observation process. It has become more of a chore. They are required to visiting several classrooms each week and try to do so as quickly as possible. When feedback is giving, it is merely checkmarks or one word responses such as: engaged, in zone, whole group. In previous years, I was giving a question to ponder after an observation. One such question was, â€Å"How do help your team create open-ended high-order thinking questions?† Although this was a thoughtful question, it was not related to any o f my annual goals, nor was ever brought up during my summative conference. It seemed like no one cared about the reflection I had done or the plans I made to address the issue. Teachers are turned off by experiences such as this which are disrespectful. If definitely agree that both teachers and coaches need time to practice giving and receiving feedback. In my district there are several positions with the title of coach. These educators are given the task of supporting their department, disseminatingShow MoreRelatedImpooving Employee Performance72019 Words   |  289 Pagesmatter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kirkpatrick, Donald L. Improving employee performance through appraisal and coaching / Donald L. Kirkpatrick ; foreword by Dick Grote. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: How to improve performanceRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesinstructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experienceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLibrary and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization o f Information, Second Edition Arlene G. TaylorRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesBehavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai